A bruise, or contusion, occurs when capillaries burst due to trauma, causing blood to pool under the skin. Bruises typically change color, starting red and turning blue, green, and yellow as they heal. There are three types: subcutaneous (under the skin), periosteal (on bones), and intramuscular (around muscles).
Common causes include physical injuries, sports, muscle strains, aging, and certain medical conditions like thrombocytopenia or hemophilia. People on blood thinners or with vitamin C deficiency are also prone to bruising.
To treat bruises, apply ice, rest, elevate the area, or use arnica cream. Seek medical help if bruising is severe, accompanied by bleeding, or persistent. A bruise can indicate serious issues like a hematoma, liver disease, or complications from cuts, requiring prompt medical attention.
