Cold sores, or fever blisters, are caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). After the initial infection, the virus remains dormant and can reactivate due to triggers like stress, illness, or sun exposure. Reactivation leads to painful blisters, typically around the lips, though they can also appear on the chin or inside the mouth.
Treatment for cold sores includes antiviral medications like acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir, which speed up healing if taken early. Over-the-counter creams containing antiviral agents or numbing agents can also help manage discomfort.
Home remedies like aloe vera gel, lemon balm, cold compresses, and diluted tea tree oil can soothe irritation and support healing. Preventing future outbreaks involves avoiding triggers, strengthening the immune system, and practicing good hygiene to reduce the risk of spreading the virus.
